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Must Philosophies Be Integrated?Submitted by NickOtani on Fri, 2007-08-31 19:07.
Does a philosophy need to be integrated? If it is reflective of real life, how logically consistent and coherent can it be? If real life is absurd, how relevant is a philosophy that is neat and well-organized? The existentialists have said that systematic philosophies are like the homes one looks at in magazines which display beautiful homes. They are nice to look at but not really good places in which to actually live. The foundations may crumble when real people need them the most. When we actually meet people in the street, the beautiful structures of systematic philosophies are of little use. How valuable was Objectivism to Ayn Rand when she was having her personal crises with the Brandens? When people integrate knowledge into a system or an edifice, it is like putting pieces of a jigsaw puzzle together. Each piece has to fit into a proper slot and relate to the other pieces already there. If a piece doesn’t fit, one can leave it out. Perhaps it isn’t true, not knowledge worthy of this puzzle. Or, maybe it is the one piece of information which disproves the entire system. How can one tell? There is also the temptation to force pieces to fit where they don’t belong. Does free-will belong in a system where reality is objective and governed by unbroken cause and effect? Isn’t it just an example of wishful thinking; something that is not very objective? One can say there can be no contradictions. Okay, what does one do, then, with paradoxes? Are they to be ignored? Goedel’s incompleteness theorem is holds up. Serious logicians take it seriously, but many Objectivists sort of dismiss it. It doesn’t fit with their complete and closed system, or edifice. Can there be uncertainty? Do Objectivists take Heisenberg seriously? No, his views also don’t fit into their patterns, their integrations. Do racist bigots accept that all humans are, qua human, equal? No, that doesn’t fit into their integrations. Is there some way to know that Objectivism is better than systems or edifices of bigots? Or, is there no difference? Isn't it a bit self-serving to eliminate anything one doesn't already hold to be true? How does one know when one is wrong? One can’t verify logic with logic. According to John Hospers, one can only vindicate its use. Is this for the only means to derive knowledge from the senses? And, what about those senses? Our eyes have a blind spot for which we compensate by filling in the gaps with hallucination. Empirical evidence is not very pure. Therefore, it seems logical that evidence abstracted from empirical evidence must also be suspect. And, since deductive reasoning is circular and supported by inductive reasoning, which is inconclusive, what is certainty? When Objectivists place so much emphasis on logic and reason, are they merely looking for another god to replace the one they rejected? Is their integrated system just another secure place where they can try to find comfort, escape from a world that doesn’t make sense, that is perhaps beyond rational comprehension? Is it a safety net, a security blanket, training wheels, crutches on which to lean? Are Objectivists afraid to face a life without such devices? Can they admit that life is absurd, that there is no pre-existing meaning or purpose for man, that man is truly free to put his own meaning into the world? Well, I’m waiting for someone to discuss this with me. David Kelley said that discussion and debate should be encouraged. Yet, David Kelley hasn’t come to this board to discuss and debate. Does he not really believe what he said? Was it all nice sounding words to make the edifice more pretty? Are he and his friends going to call my posts “baiting” and condemn me, perhaps ban me from this board like Kelley was banned from the ARI? Like I was banned from Michael Stuart Kelly’s and Richard Rollin’s board? Will they dismiss me saying that I really haven’t mastered Objectivism and Objectivist philosophical literature yet? Or, will they just ignore me, as they have been doing nicely, letting me stew in my own jucies? Bis bald, Nick
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Go fish!
You could use the mental exercise.
Nick
Haiku for Nick #2
angler vampire
hungry for a bite
he feeds out hooks and lines
fishing for his ego
Huh? and Absurdity
To Scott DeSalvo;
"Real life is not systematic. Pretty philosophies go out the window when we deal with people in the street"
In essence, Objectivists might most easily identify your objection as another way of saying "Well, that might be true in theory, but not in practice."
Close but not quite. Yes, Objectivists say that there is no contradiction between the rational and the practical, but it is not always that easy. If it were, Rand would not have denounced pragmatism as she did. In her novels, there is no disagreement between rational men. When Dagny ends up with Galt, none of her other lovers object. This was very ideal. It didn’t happen like that in Rand’s real life, did it? Objectivists, themselves, object to the systematic philosophies of Descartes, Kant, Hegel, and Marx. According to Kelley, Objectivism is not supposed to be a rationalistic system where everything is derived deductively from axioms. He criticizes Peikoff for saying things like one should see laissez-faire capitalism in A is A, and that one is immoral if he or she denies it. Kelley says Objectivism is more like an edifice than a rationalistic system. However, an edifice, where pieces fit exactly, has some of the same problems as do systems. People tend to reject pieces of information which don’t fit, but those pieces might still be true. The coherence theory of truth is not fool-proof. I addressed this in the first part of my Alice in Objectivist Land series.
I comes down to fundamentals. Either you agree that there is a knowable objective reality, or you do not. Please answer that question, because I need to know your simple answer to that question.
The simple answer is yes, there is a knowable objective reality. However, within those generalizable parameters, there is room for humans to create reality, to participate in the creation of their natures, their essences. They are the subjects which make objects of all that isn’t them. They are limited in this by objective reality, but they are more than just passive pieces of clay shaped and molded by external forces over which they have no control. They have no control over fixed laws of logic and nature, but they do have some control over their goals. They have free-will. It is their subject, for itself, status which allows this.
Assuming that the answer is yes, I guess I would say that there are many unintegrated philosophies that do not do much to help you whether on the street in an ivory tower.
True, but systematic philosophies tend to confine one. It is like living by a doctrine rather than by one’s own judgment.
Objectivism IS integrated, but that doesn't mean it answers every question for you without your applying your values, context, and reason to a given situation. I mean, it explains the standard of value, the means of evaluating.
However, there are some situations which escape evaluation by reason and integrated philosophies, as I discussed with wmgreen. There are times when we face multiple options where consequences are equal or unknown. We just have to choose. And, second, the only criterion for validating knowledge in Objectivism is 1. acceptance of the axiomatic concepts and 2. agreement with prior knowledge derived from those axioms. So, it is like saying, believe what you want as long as you agree with me.
To JoeM;
"Are Objectivists afraid to face a life without such devices? Can they admit that life is absurd, that there is no pre-existing meaning or purpose for man, that man is truly free to put his own meaning into the world?"
I'm assuming your're coming from the existential,
Sarte/Kafka viewpoint here. Is this correct?
Yes, mostly Sartre, although I have read Kafka extensively also.
But why do you equate the idea of a non-pre-existing meaning or purpose with absurdity? Without a conscious being to make that judgement, things "just are." A rock "just is." Matter "just is." People can be absurd, sure. People can give absurd meanings to existence. But existence as absured intrinsically? I mean, I'm not going to turn into a beetle upon awakening...
“Dr. P read a quote by Peikoff which said Sartre held that the world is absurd, can you explain that?” asked Dr. K.
“Absurdism in Existentialism is the realization that there is no reason for our existence.” said Alice, “We find ourselves here. We didn’t ask to be here. Yes, we are special in that nobody else is exactly like us. We are individuals. However, the world would go on just fine without us. People die every day. We would like to think it matters that we exist, at least to ourselves and some other people, but we must also understand that, in the larger scheme of things, it doesn’t. We are both special and not special. It’s a paradox. It’s a contradiction. It is A is both A and not A, but it is still true.”
bis bald,
Nick
Absurdity
"Are Objectivists afraid to face a life without such devices? Can they admit that life is absurd, that there is no pre-existing meaning or purpose for man, that man is truly free to put his own meaning into the world?"
I'm assuming your're coming from the existential, Sarte/Kafka viewpoint here. Is this correct? But why do you equate the idea of a non-pre-existing meaning or purpose with absurdity? Without a conscious being to make that judgement, things "just are." A rock "just is." Matter "just is." People can be absurd, sure. People can give absurd meanings to existence. But existence as absured intrinsically? I mean, I'm not going to turn into a beetle upon awakening...
Huh?
"Real life is not systematic. Pretty philosophies go out the window when we deal with people in the street"
In essence, Objectivists might most easily identify your objection as another way of saying "Well, that might be true in theory, but not in practice."
I comes down to fundamentals. Either you agree that there is a knowable objective reality, or you do not. Please answer that question, because I need to know your simple answer to that question.
Assuming that the answer is yes, I guess I would say that there are many unintegrated philosophies that do not do much to help you whether on the street in an ivory tower.
Objectivism IS integrated, but that doesn't mean it answers every question for you without your applying your values, context, and reason to a given situation. I mean, it explains the standard of value, the means of evaluating.
Scott DeSalvo
Quidquid latine dictum sit, altum viditur!
Why?
What is this getting anybody on either side of the debate? I'll give Nick one point, there certainly is a lot of "absurdity" going on. The Tower of Babel will never be complete.
Yes, well...
responding to a post without reading it and then admitting that you haven't read it because it is a waste of time for you exposes you as an idiot who would rather waste time with mindless and childish insults, the kind I've become exhausted with in high school years.
Objectivists are supposed to value reason and evidence, yet there is very little of that used against people with whom they disagree.
You haven't read my posts. Therefore, you don't know what is in them. You have your pre-conceived ideas, and you will continue to be happy with them, as any willfully ignorant bigot would.
BTW, Objectivism is not equivalent with science. You should have learned that in high school, but you were probably willfully ignorant.
bis bald,
Nick
Did you miss one of my previous posts to u
You don't raise new point. Most of what you talk about is stuff that I'd become exhausted with in high school years before I discovered Objectivism.
Your kind of reason treats as willfull ignorance not wanting to read the particular mangling of science of each trufer I encounter. There may in fact be some good worthy arguements against Objectivism. If I think you'd found one you'd know.
Right now you just sound like the mental masturbation artists I knew in high school.
---Landon
Inking is sexy.
http://www.angelfire.com/comics/wickedlakes
I'd thought not
Join the ranks of the willfully ignorant on this board.
Nick
No
And now I'm glad I didn't, that would be a few minutes of my life I'd miss too much since I'd never get them back.
---Landon
Inking is sexy.
http://www.angelfire.com/comics/wickedlakes
Hmm
They're about pointless if they're not. It's a simple question of do you want to perform excercises in mental masturbation and word games, or do you want to understand how you should live your life.
Did you actually read my post? Or, are you just responding to the question in my title? My point was that systematic philosophies are just word games, putting ideas together like in jigsaw puzzels, and they don't help much when we need them for things like living life. Real life is not systematic. Pretty philosophies go out the window when we deal with people in the street.
bis bald,
Nick
Hmm
They're about pointless if they're not. It's a simple question of do you want to perform excercises in mental masturbation and word games, or do you want to understand how you should live your life.
---Landon
Inking is sexy.
http://www.angelfire.com/comics/wickedlakes
How do we know our observations of reality are true?
a philosophy should be integrated both with your observations of reality and indeed all other concepts you hold as true.
In other words, if I don't hold it to be true, then it isn't true. Isn't this circular and self-confirming?
BTW, I have read IOTE. It is this that I am challenging.
bis bald,
Nick
Must philosophies be integrated
A philosophy must be integrated if it is to correspond to reality and you want to use it. Since contradictions don't exist in reality (the law of identity) and knowledge is formed from concepts that at their base come from observations about reality (see IOTE), a philosophy should be integrated both with your observations of reality and indeed all other concepts you hold as true.
Wm